What Is Oral Literature?
Oral literature, also known as orature or oral tradition, is a form of art expressed through spoken words rather than written text. It includes stories, songs, poems, proverbs, and other verbal forms passed from one generation to another.
This type of literature plays an important role in preserving culture, teaching values, and entertaining communities.
Characteristics of Oral Literature
- Passed from Generation to Generation
Oral literature is transmitted through word of mouth from elders to the young. - Preserves Culture and Traditions
It reflects the beliefs, customs, and history of a community. - Entertains the Audience
Stories, songs, and riddles bring fun, laughter, and joy during performances. - Educates and Teaches Morals
Many oral forms aim to teach lessons about good behavior, respect, and wisdom. - Involves Performance
Oral literature depends on voice, gestures, songs, rhythm, and audience participation to create meaning and excitement.
Main Genres (Forms) of Oral Literature
Oral literature is divided into three major genres, also called forms:
- Oral Narratives – Stories such as myths, legends, ogre narratives e.t.c that explain origins, history, or moral lessons.
- Oral Poetry/Oral songs – Includes songs, chants, dirges, and praise poems performed with rhythm and emotion.
- Short Forms – These are brief but powerful expressions like proverbs, riddles, tongue twisters, and wise sayings.
Importance of Studying Oral Literature
Studying oral literature helps learners:
- Understand African traditions and values.
- Improve language and speaking skills.
- Develop moral reasoning and creativity.
- Appreciate the power of storytelling in culture and education.